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”įor the upper end of the range, it would appear this is similar to a sprinkler design area in the range of 3,750 to 10,000 sq. “The upper demands are applicable to large fire areas (75,000 to 100,000 ) and represent only 5 to 10 of all sprinklers in a particular area with an average discharge of 20. “The lower demands … are applicable to small areas of 2,500 to 5,000 These demands are based on the operation of all sprinklers in the area, with an average discharge of 20 per sprinkler.” Then estimate the total sprinkler demand from the ranges listed in Table 12-2. To establish the estimated total sprinkler demand, one determines if the occupancy is in the low, moderate or high demand class. The secondary water supply may be: (1) a gravity tank (2) one or more fire pumps (taking suction from a ground level tank or body of water) (3) a booster pump taking suction from a low pressure public main or (4) occasionally, fire department pumper connections. Where there is a difference between the primary and total sprinkler demands, a secondary water supply is required to make up the difference. Depending on the severity of the hazard, the primary sprinkler demand will be in the range of 50 to 100 percent of the total sprinkler demand (based on the total number of sprinklers expected to operate). This chapter indicates there should be a primary sprinkler demand and a total sprinkler demand. So where does one get the sprinkler system demand flow? This is addressed in “Chapter 12 Water Supplies for Private Fire Service.” Here is where engineering judgment kicks in and it gets tricky. Though it appears these curves could be used for establishing requirements for new tree systems, I imagine the curves were more often used by FM field engineers to evaluate existing systems.
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Then one accounts for the friction loss and elevation between the feed main connection to the cross main and the water supply source, plus this riser pressure - resulting in sprinkler flow and pressure demand.Īdd in the number of 250 gpm hose streams needed and you can determine what is needed to provide an adequate water supply. Once the total sprinkler system demand flow has been estimated ( see Figure 18-12), one can go to the appropriate tree system curve and, based on the size of the system (regarding number of total sprinklers), one can determine the riser pressure required. Spacing between sprinklers on a branch line and.1895 pipe schedule or 1940 pipe schedule (for old-style sprinklers) or 1953 pipe schedule for standard sprinklers.Center-central fed or side-central fed.Sets of curves are provided for tree-systems, given the following system features:
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Given the limitations of hydraulic calculations in the pre-programmable calculator world, the handbook also provides a series of flow curves as a simplified substitute for detailed calculation of the hydraulic characteristics of sprinkler-system piping. The 1959 FM handbook “Chapter 18 Hydraulics of Sprinkler Systems” presents the same method for hand calculating tree systems as is used today. Note that hydraulically calculated sprinkler systems did not appear in NFPA 13 until the 1972 edition. In this column, I would like to focus on the handbook’s approach to sprinkler system hydraulic calculations. Topics run the gamut and include building fire protection features, as well as a wide range of industrial processes and industrial hazards. The 19 editions contain 76 and 80 chapters, respectively. The FM handbook focuses on property protection and takes more of an engineering approach to loss prevention. There are similarities to the NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, but also important differences. A second edition was published in 1967 (green binder). However, have you ever heard of the forerunner of the FM data sheets, the “FM Handbook of Industrial Loss Prevention?”įirst published in 1959 (brown binder), 2019 year marks the 60th anniversary of the handbook.
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Many of you have had the opportunity to work with “FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets” during your career - an excellent, free resource at.